Which laser is clinically indicated for the removal of subgingival calculus?

The Er:YAG laser, with a wavelength of 2940 nm, is particularly effective for removing subgingival calculus due to its water absorption characteristics and ability to effectively treat soft tissue. This wavelength is highly absorbed by water, which makes it efficient at ablating hard and soft tissues while minimizing damage to surrounding structures. The Er:YAG laser has been shown to facilitate the removal of calculus while also providing some degree of hydrophilic properties, helping to reduce post-operative discomfort and inflammation.

In periodontal therapy, the Er:YAG laser is favored for its precision and efficiency, allowing for thorough debridement in areas that are often difficult to access using traditional mechanical methods. Its use can result in less bleeding and quicker healing times, which are significant advantages in periodontal procedures.

Other lasers listed may not provide the same level of efficacy for this specific task. For instance, CO2 lasers with wavelengths around 10,600 nm and 9300 nm are primarily useful for cutting and coagulating soft tissue but do not target calculus effectively. The Diode laser at 980 nm is more suitable for soft tissue procedures and lacks the necessary properties to effectively remove hard deposits like subgingival calculus. Thus, the Er:YAG laser remains the most clinically indicated option